How to Frame a Basement?

Despite the need for extra space only 9 per cent of homeowners use their basement as a useful resource. This may be due to habit or lack of understanding of how best to renovate a basement or equip it for use. Let’s start by understanding the basic framework. Basement framing is essential for creating additional foundation structure and can turn a cold and damp room into a warm and cosy area.

The Process of Framing the Basement

When building a basement frame, you have a choice between the in-situ construction method (installing directly on the wall) and the floor construction method (building on the floor and lifting). You can also go for the floating walls method, which leaves space under the frame in the event of landscape changes.

Once the method has been chosen, the process of framing a basement consists of:

1. Seal the Wall. A masonry waterproofing product should prevent the water from naturally migrating through the concrete. Dry the walls with the humidifier if they are still damp.
2. Install the Foam Board. A 2-inch XPS foam board should be used once the sealant has dried. Make sure to use adhesive specifically designed for this material to prevent moisture from slipping through.
3. Install Blocking in Joists. This keeps the top plate attached if the basement wall runs parallel to the joists.
4. Install the Walls. You can install them on the floor directly, then tip them up and attach them to the foam board. Keep in mind that the walls should be built shorter than the joists.
5. Fasten the Bottom Plate. You should use a powder-actuated tool and construction adhesive, but Tapcon screws could also be useful.
6. Secure and Plumb the Top Plate. Use an adjustable level that goes from the bottom plate to the top, plumbing every 4 feet. You can use shims on every third joist but secure every top plate.
7. Frame Inside Corners and Around Windows. This offers more structure for you to install the drywall later. You should mount the drywall backers after this as well.

Keep in mind that every basement might need a different frame design, so create an accurate basement plan before you start your work.

Best Materials to Frame a Basement

The materials chosen can affect the result and the longevity of your basement frame. The most common options include:

• Dimensional lumber: Easily accessible, cost-effective, and easy to handle
• Finger-jointed and engineer composite wood: durable and great for joints
• Light steel framing: Dimensionally stable and often more durable

Very often, the choice of which material to go for will depend on your resources and the functions and safety of your home.

When to Install Wooden Beams

For the most part, when you are creating a frame for the average home basement, wooden beams are the most common choice. They are cheaper, quicker to install, and much more malleable. If you have to cut them to dimensions, you will have an easier time doing so with wood. They won’t rust, making them a potentially durable choice.

The disadvantage is that while it won’t rust, it can grow moldy if the environment is particularly humid. It can also warp, shrink, and split with time, especially when using low-quality wood. This can compromise the integrity of the building.

When Steel Beams Are Recommended

Steel is generally a suitable option if you are creating a frame for a concrete building. This alternative is advantageous if you live in an area with a high risk of termites or when the humidity levels are elevated. Steel does not shrink or wrap and is often lighter while being stronger.

That said, if humidity levels are not controlled, steel beams can be prone to rust. They are more challenging to install, and chances are high that you’ll need a professional to handle the task.

Useful Tips for Framing the Basement

Framing a basement requires some careful considerations, among which are the following:

• Use Materials Specifically Designated for Basements. The lumber should be moisture-resistant, and the same can be said about its insulation.
• Choose the Right Fixing Method. Basements are prone to be affected by shifts in the ground, even with a good home foundation, so use the correct fixing method. Fasteners such as Tapcon screws are durable, and for extra stability, you should use anchor bolts.
• Install the Rough Floor. Before installing the frame, you should also mount a rough floor. This can add extra warmth and prevent dampness from seeping into the area.

Bottom Line

Creating a basement frame is not difficult if you possess handyman skills. Keep in mind that this type of project could require some careful planning and hard labor, so it’s a good idea to ask for help. CSG Renovation’s phone number for a consultation is (647) 428-0007.